ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 11
myF 1.1
thAf;fspd; elj;ijf; Nfhyk;
fzpg;gPl;L tif FOr;nraw;ghL 01
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd.
Fwpf;Nfhs; ntg;gepiyAld;
thf;fspd; mKf;fj;jpd; elj;ijia fz;L
$Wth;
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
Rhjhuzkhf gY}d; ntbg;ijf; fhl;ly; >ntg;gepiyf;Fk;
mKf;fj;jpw;Fkhd njhlh;ig
fz;lwpa J}z;Ljy;;
khzth; nraw;ghL Gs;spj;jpl;lk;
1.
FOf;fshFth;
2. gupNrhjidf;F
Njitahd nghUl;fisj; Njbg; ngWth; 4
3. cgfuzj;ij
mikg;gh;) 4
4. nra;J
fhl;Lth;;
4
5. Kbit
tpsf;Fth; 4
6 kPs
xOq;fikg;gh; 4
gzpal;il
Njitahd nghUl;fs; - nfhjpFsha;> jf;if> gd;rd; mLg;G>
,Lf;fp
 |
nra;Kiw-
gpd;Dl;ly;
KbT fpilf;fg;ngwhj khztUf;F tps f;fy;
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 11
myF 2.3
epakf; fiury; jahupj;jy; 02
fzpg;gPl;L tif Ma;T
$lr; nraw;ghL
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> > #oy; njhlh;ghd.
Fwpf;Nfhs; Prepared to1dm3 , 1mol NaCl Solution
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
fiury; jahupg;ig
tpsf;fy;.
Njitahd nghUl;disg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; . mtjhdpj;jy;
khzth; nraw;ghL
1.
1 dm3
fdkhdf; FLitiag; ngWth;
2.
jpzpit epWj;njLg;gh; (Na-23 , Cl- 35.5)
3.
fOtw;Nghj;jy; cjtpAld; fbfhuf; fz;hbapy; cs;s
jpzpit fdkhdf;FLitapy; Nrh;j;jy;
4.
ePh;Nrh;j;J jf;ifapl;Lf; fiuj;jy;
5.
msTkl;lk; tiu ePh;Nrh;j;jy;
Gs;spj;jpl;lk; - 5x4=20
gpd;D}l;ly; -
fiuriyj; jahupf;Fk; NghJ ,lh;g;gLk; khztUf;F cjtptoq;fy;
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 11
myF 3.2.4
fhl;bfs; 03.
fzpg;gPl;L tif fz;lwpKiw
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd.
Fwpf;Nfhs; Ma;T$lj;jpd;
,urhadg;nghUl;fspd; pH ngWkhdj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;th;
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
gy;NtW gl;l ,urhadg;nghUl;fspd; pH ngWkhdq;fis mwpaj; J}z;Ljy;.
mwpTWj;jYk; > nghUl;fis toq;FjYk;.
khzth; nraw;ghL
1.
Njitahd nghUl;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;th;
2.
nraw;ghl;by; <LgLth;
|
,urhadg;nghUs;
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pH tPr;R
|
epwk;
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H2SO4
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HCl
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HNO3
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Vinegar
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Citric acid
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Milk
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NaCl
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Na2CO3
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NH4 Solution
|
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NaOH
|
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Soap Liq.
|
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|
gpd;D}l;ly;
nra;Kiwia jpUj;jkhf nra;ahj khztUf;F mwpTiu toq;fy;
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 11
myF
4.2 ePwhj Rz;zhk;G jahupg;G
fzpg;gPl;L tif vOj;J. 04
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd.
Fwpf;Nfhs; ePwhj
Rz;zhk;G jahupg;G gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;th;.
Mrpupah;
nraw;ghL ePwhj Rz;zhk;G
jahupg;gpd; gbKiwfisAk;> ,urhadj;jhf;fq;fs; gw;wpAk; tpsf;fy;. gad;ghL>NtW jahupg;G
Nghdwd gw;wpAk; tpsf;fy;
khzth; nraw;ghL
1.
ePwhj Rz;zhk;gpd; ,urhadg; ngah; ahJ ?
2.
mjd; #j;jpuk; ahJ ?
3.
Rz;zhk;Gr; #ioapd; mikg;ig RUf;fkhfj; jUf?
4.
Gpupifapd; ntg;gepiy ahJ ?
5.
Jhf;fj;jpd; ,urhadr; rkd;ghl;il jUf?
6.
ePwhj Rz;zhk;gpd; gad;ghL 5 jUf ?
7.
ePwpa Rz;zhk;G vt;thW ngwg;gLk; ? ,J
vt;tifahd jhf;fk; >?
8.
ntspw;Wk; J}spd; ,urhadr;#j;jpuk; ahJ ?
gad;ghL 2 vOJf.
9.
ePwhj Rz;zhk;G 112 kg ngwg;gLkhapd; jhf;fj;jpw;Fs;shd *yg;NghUspd;
epiw ahJ ?
(Ca-40 ,
O-16. C-12)
10.
ePwhj Rz;zhk;G jahupg;gpd; NghJ gad;gLk;
*yg;nghUspd; ,urhadg;ngah; ahJ?
,J
mlq;fpAs;s NtW 2 nghUl;fs; jUf.
gpd;D}l;ly; KOikahf tpilaspf;fhj khztUf;F tpsf;fkspj;jy;
-------------------------------------------------
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 6
myF 4.3
,izf;fth; Rl;b 01
fzpg;gPl;L tif vOj;J
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd.
Fwpf;Nfhs; mq;fpfis
Fwpg;gpl;l ,ay;gbg;gilapy; ,izf;fth;Rl;bapy;
gpupg;gh;
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
1.
Mq;fpfspd;
nghJ ,ay;Gfis $wy;
2.
mtw;wpd NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfis tpj;jpahrg;gLj;jpf;
fhl;ly;
3.
mtw;wd; mbg;gilapy; gpupf;f tpsf;Fjy;
4.
,Wjp mq;fp xd;W tUk; tiu gpupf;f mwpTWj;jy;
5.
Cz;L /
,y;iy vd Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;ly;
khzth; nraw;ghL Gs;spj;jpl;lk;
jug;g;ll mq;fpfis mwpTWj;jy;
mbg;gilapy; gpupg;gh; 5/4=20
gyh>ney;>
njd;id> KUq;if
A B
 |
|
C
Y
P Q
gpd;D}l;ly;
Rl;b
mikf;f fbdkhd khztUf;F cjtp toq;fy;
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 6
myF
4.4/5/
6 jhtug; gy;tifik 02
fzpg;gPl;L tif fsg;gazk;
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd.
Fwpf;Nfhs; jhtuq;fspd;
,ay;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;th;
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
1.
jtuq;fspd;;
nghJ ,ay;Gfis $wy;
2.
mtw;wpd; NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfis tpj;jpahrg;gLj;jpf;
fhl;ly;
3.
mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; jhtug; ghfq’fisg;
gupj;jy;;
4.
gzpal;lil toq;fp ,ay;Gfis
Fwpj;jy;
5.
tpNrl njhopy;fis NtWgLj;jf; fhl;ly;
|
jhtug;ngah;
|
jz;L
|
Nth;
|
,iy
|
G+
|
tpNrlnjhopYf;fhd
Nth;
|
tpNrlnjhopYf;fhd
jz;L
|
tpj;jpiy
euk;gikg;G |
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Fwpg;NgL/
gzpal;il
khzth; nraw;ghL Gs;spj;jpl;lk;
ml;ltiziag; G+h;j;jp nra;th; 8*1/2
=4*5= 20= 10
gpd;D}l;ly;
gpioahd ,ay;Gfisf; G+h;j;jp nra;j khztUf;F cjtp toq;fy;.
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 6
myF 5.9 gjhh;j;jq;fs; 03
fzpg;gPl;L tif xg;gil
fhyk; …………………….
Fwpf;Nfhs; ePh;tl;lnkhd;iw
Mf;Fth;
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd.
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
1.
kio nghopAk; rpy glf;fhl;rpfisf; fhz;gpj;jy;
2.
Mtpahjy;
> xLq;fy; nraw;ghl;ilAk; fhz;gpj;jy;
3.
Xh; tpisahl;Lf; fhnuhd;wpd; fjpia mstpl
mwpTWj;jy;
4.
myF khw;wq;fisAk; ftdj;jpw;F nfhz;LtUjy;
khzth; nraw;ghL
1.fhl;rpfisf;nfhz;L Mtpahjypd; tpisitf; $Wth;
2. xLq;fw; nraw;ghl;bd; tpisit $Wth;
3.kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; elf;Fk; nraw;ghl;bd; tl;lj;ij cUthf;Fth;
ACTION b
D E
ACTION a
A B C
gpd;D}l;ly;
rupahd tpilfs;
ngwhj khztiu kPz;Lk; nra;a topfhl;ly;.
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 6
myF
5.12 ePh; 04
fzpg;gPl;L tif fz;fhl;rp
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd.NtiycyF
Fwpf;Nfhs; ePiuf;nfhz;L Ntiynra;a fw;Wf;nfhs;th;
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
6.
ePh; Kjy;fis tpsf;fy;
7.
kdpjj; NjitfSf;F gad;gLk; ePh; Kjy;fis
tifaply;
8.
ePupd; gad;fis gl;bayply;
9.
ePh; %yk; Ntiy nra;ayhk; vd;gij czh;;j;jy;
10.
xt;Nth; khztUk; ePh; %yk; Ntiy nra;Ak;
cgfuzk; mikf;f mwpTWj;jy;
khzth; nraw;ghL
1.
xt;ntU khztUk; VNjhtifapy; cgfuzk; mikf;fj; jpl;lkpLth;
2. ntt;NtW njhopEl;gq;fis GFj;jp cgfuzk; mikg;gh;
3. cgfuzq;fisf;
fhl;rpg; gLj;Jth;
4. rpwe;j
cgfuzq;fis NkYk; tpidj;jpwDld; mikf;f fw;Wf;nfhs;th;
Gs;spj;jpl;lk;
cgfuzq;fis kjpg;gpl; L
Gs;sptoq;fy;
Ø vspa
Kiw cgfuzk;
Ø $ba
gad;ghL
Ø etPd
fhyg; gad;ghL
Ø cah;
njhopEl;gk;
Ø gy;Nehf;F
gpd;D}l;ly;
cgfuz mikg;gpy; gpd;dile;j khztUf;F mwpTiu toq;fy;.
ghlk; tpQ;Qhdk;
juk; 6
myF 6.1.7
nghUl;fspd; kpd;flj;jJ jpwd; 05
fzpg;gPl;L tif Ma;T
$lr; nraw; ghL
fhyk; …………………….
Njh;r;rpfs; fw;wYf;fhd
fw;wy;> Xa;T tpisahl;L> #oy; njhlh;ghd. NtiycyF
Fwpf;Nfhs; flj;jpfs;
>fhtypfs; gw;wp mwpe;J $Wth;
Mrpupah; nraw;ghL
1.
Jputpaq;fspd; nghJ ,ay;Gfis tpsf;fy;
2.
mtw;wpd ;NtWgl;l ,ay;Gfis tpj;jpahrg;gLj;jpf;
fhl;ly;
3.
mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; flj;jpfs; >fhtypfs;
vd gpupf;f tpsf;Fjy;
4.
,jw;fhd xh; gupNrhjid mikg;gig jpl;lkpl
mwpTWj;jy;
5.
gupNrhjpj;J gpupj;jy;
gzpal;il
1.
Njitahd nghUl;fs; kpd;Fkpo; > flj;jpfs;> kpd;fyk; > Msp.
2.
gupNrhjidj; jputpaq;fs; nrk;Gf;fk;gp. kuj;Jz;L > gpsh];bf;>
,Uk;ghzp> wgh;.rPiy.
3.
gupNrhjid mikg;G-
|
jputpak;
|
flj;jp
|
fhtyp
|
|
|
|
|
 |
A 
B
khzth;
nraw;ghL Gs;spj;jpl;lk;
1.
Njitahd nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;th; 4
2.
gupNrhjidr; Rw;iw mikg;gh; 4
3. jputpaq;fis ghpNrhjpg;gh; 4 20.-10
4.
NtWgpupj;J ml;ltizg; gLj;Jth; 4
5
kPs xOq;fikg;gh; 4.
gpd;D}l;ly;
KbT fpilf;fhj khztUf;F mwpTiu
toq;fy;.
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